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History

Detailed History | In Brief

In 1973, Alan Ayckbourn wrote his most ambitious work yet with The Norman Conquests trilogy. In the wake of this suburban epic, he wrote a play which was the polar opposite of the trilogy in scale, but was no less ambitious or important in his development as a playwright. Absent Friends would be the first of Alan's fully realised tragicomedies and one of his most significant plays of the 1970s.

Absent Friends developed from a moment in The Norman Conquests when Alan realised he had taken a positive step in a new direction. At one stage during the trilogy, he needed to write a single scene which had no significance, did not carry the plot forward nor contained any singular revelation. It was a pause in the proceedings with several characters just sitting down and talking. It was, he later admitted, the hardest part of the trilogy to write and the one that scared him the most as he had never attempted such a scene before. Once performed, he was delighted by the reaction to the scene and he decided to write a play entirely driven by six people who just sat down and talked. A play that had little in terms of plot, but was driven entirely by the actions and reactions of six people in a living room. A play in which he notes “nothing happened.”

To this he added the element of presenting the play in ‘real time’ (elapsed time being the same both for characters and audience). In Alan’s terms, this offered an extreme “close-up” of the play’s themes and characters, which - according to the critic Michael Billington - makes it a play of “ruthless simplicity.”

There is also a very real sense, acknowledged by the playwright, that he was drawing himself in. The Norman Conquests had been a remarkable success but had required an immense amount of work from writing to directing in order to bring it to fruition. For its follow-up, Alan wanted to create something that was diametrically opposite in both style and tone. It was also a risky play dealing as it did with the subject of death, although as Alan has frequently noted, the subject is more "the death of love". He once described Absent Friends to Peter Hall, then Artistic Director of the National Theatre, as “a miniature” and something he was compelled to write following the trilogy.

Another inspiration for the play was - unusually for the playwright - a specific event his life in which he attended a tea party for a woman whose husband had died during their honeymoon. The reaction amongst the attendees to her insistence theirs would have been a perfect marriage directly inspired the play.

Judging by the surviving hand-written notes held in the Ayckbourn Archive at the Borthwick Institute for Archives, Absent Friends was not conceived as a 'real time' play and had a different structure to its eventual form. The earliest hand-written notes by the playwright indicate the play was to be either three or four acts and set in a dining room. The play would centre on dinner with one act viewed entirely through the eyes of the men followed by the same dinner viewed through the eyes of the women. The men and women would then be brought together for the final act, presumably highlighting the different perspectives and differences of experience of the dinner. This concept was abandoned, but offers an intriguing insight into an idea more closer related to the 'technical' plays which preceded it.

By the time Alan had settled on the structure of the actual play and began writing, he had stripped it of all artifice and made it structurally the most simple of all his plays so far with a single setting, two act play set in actual playing / elapsed time.

Alan Ayckbourn was notorious for writing his plays to the latest possible deadline from the 1960s to the early 1980s, but Absent Friends probably stands as the play written to the tightest possible deadline. Committed to working with Eric Thompson on the London premiere of The Norman Conquests at the Greenwich Theatre during May 1974, his wife, Heather Stoney, recalls Alan left London on the Thursday before rehearsals began for Absent Friends on the following Monday - having not yet written a word of the script. The play was apparently written by the Friday night, typed on Saturday and copies made and delivered on the Sunday for rehearsals the following day.

Given that Absent Friends is now considered a classic Ayckbourn of the period, it is worth noting that it had two very different receptions. Alan had written the play in May 1974 and it was premiered at Theatre in the Round at the Library Theatre, Scarborough, on 30 June directed by himself. It received unanimously positive press and such was the popularity of the production that it had its run extended by a week from 23 - 28 September rather than closing on 14 September as originally advertised.

The audience reaction was very positive and Alan’s biographer, Paul Allen, notes it demonstrated Alan’s ability to hold “an audience’s attention without a dazzling plot or an innovative narrative device or a bombardment of comedy.” This is vital to consider in light of what happened when the play transferred to London. One of the major recurring problems of studying Alan Ayckbourn's plays is the emphasis put on the London productions and the reaction to them. This is understandable, but fails to appreciate the relationship Alan has with theatre-in-the-round in Scarborough, and the importance it has to him as writer and director. Alan has premiered the majority of his plays in Scarborough in the venue they are conceived for (i.e. in-the-round). He has complete control over the casting and directs the play, again worth emphasising, predominantly in the intimacy of the round.

The world premiere productions of his work have never been considered a try-out for London or any other venue. The world premiere is the play produced as the playwright intended and is frequently considered the definitive version of the play. When plays have transferred to London, even with Alan directing, it is frequently a large step away from his original vision - rarely with the cast he would ideally choose, almost never in a suitable venue and almost never in-the-round. In many cases, this has not necessarily affected the success of the play or how it was perceived; with Absent Friends it most certainly did.

Alan's regular London producer Michael Codron had optioned the play for the West End immediately after it opened in Scarborough and there was a relatively quick turn-around. The play opened 13 months after premiering in Scarborough whilst Absurd Person Singular and The Norman Conquests were still running in London. With five plays running simultaneously in the West End, Alan had set a new record.* But, critically, it also meant Absent Friends was sharing the same spotlight as two of Alan's most notable West End successes.

Eric Thompson, who had so successfully tackled Absurd Person Singular and The Norman Conquests, was brought in to direct Absent Friends and he assembled a notable cast which included Richard Briers as Colin and Peter Bowles as Paul. The play opened at the Garrick Theatre on 23 July 1975 and was met with a frosty reception from the critics; the cast received plaudits, the play did not. It was a response that Alan largely shared himself, later saying he did not care for the London production.

What seems obvious in hindsight was the play struggled to move from the tiny space it was intended for, to a large proscenium arch theatre such as the Garrick. Alan once described Absent Friends as an almost voyeuristic play with the audience practically eavesdropping on events and that it was best suited to intimate spaces, not the cavernous spaces of the West End. Only the noted critic Harold Hobson, one of the most influential critics writing at the time, was very taken by the play: “If it is the saddest and most moving thing he has written, it is also the most clear-sighted and the funniest.”

Absent Friends would run for a respectable nine months in London, but could not compare in success to Absurd Person Singular and The Norman Conquests. With Alan and Andrew Lloyd Webber's doomed musical Jeeves closing after just a month also in 1975, it was a significant time for Alan in London and must have played a large part in Alan's increasingly uncomfortable relationship with the West End. It would also mark the last time Eric Thompson would direct one of Alan's play in London. Change was coming.

Running concurrent with the period from Alan writing Absent Friends to its West End staging was a correspondence between the playwright and Peter Hall, Artistic Director of the National Theatre. Hall wanted Alan to write a new play for the soon-to-open new home of the National Theatre on London's South Bank. He very much admired Absent Friends and showed considerable interest in staging it until it was confirmed that Michael Codron was taking the play into London; Hall then wrote to Codron asking him if there was any chance the National might have it given there were already four Ayckbourn plays running in the West End. Codron's response was that he could not see the request being granted if it were the other way round!

The enthusiasm with which Hall pursued the play and Alan can only have re-enforced Alan's perception after the critical reaction to Absent Friends and Jeeves that there must be a better way to transfer his work to London. He agreed to write a new play for the National Theatre with Bedroom Farce premiering in 1977. This began a period of 14 years where the London premieres of his plays would be roughly evenly split between the National Theatre and the West End.

Both Absurd Person Singular and The Norman Conquests had also had successful transfers to America and there was some early interest in taking Absent Friends to New York too. An initial production in 1976 at the Long Wharf Theater, New Haven, directed by Eric Thompson, led to a revival of the production the following year at the Kennedy Center, Washington, with the obvious intent of transferring to Broadway, but this did not occur.

Absent Friends would not play in New York until a subsequent revival in February 1991 by the Manhattan Theatre Club, directed by Lynne Meadow at the City Center Stage which featured Brenda Blethyn (winning the Theatre World Award for her portrayal of Diana), Peter Flechette and in her first major professional theatre role, Gillian Anderson. The role of Evelyn had actually been cast with Mary-Louise Parker but she was ill on the first day of rehearsal and had to be recast. Several weeks earlier, Gillian Anderson had arrived in New York straight from drama school and she hugely impressed Lynne in auditions and was rushed into her first New York show. She won the Theatre World Award for Best Newcomer for the role of Evelyn and the young actress followed the play soon afterwards by stepping into the role of Agent Scully in the hugely successful and long-running conspiracy television series The X Files before going onto a hugely successful and award-winning career on stage and screen.

In 1977, Absent Friends was adapted for radio for the BBC World Service by Peter King, an actor who had worked with Alan previously. Correspondence (or the lack of it) suggests the play was adapted without Alan's approval or possibly even knowledge as it was reduced to a running time of 60 minutes; Alan has consistently opposed the shortening of his plays for radio and television. The adaptation starred David Jason and Miriam Margoyles and when it was brought to Alan's attention in 1978 by the director, Dickon Reed, Alan politely but firmly refused to let the adaptation be broadcast further, having had enquiries about repeating it from BBC Radio 4. This version was apparently released on vinyl (possibly through the BBC's transcription service), but this is a genuine Ayckbourn rarity, and it has rarely been broadcast since 1974 and has now been withdrawn from future broadcast.

More successful was the BBC's 1985 television adaptation which is fondly remembered for Julia McKenzie's performance as Diana (and which played a pivotal part in securing her the role of Susan in the West End production of Woman In Mind). It is a rare occasion when Alan was largely satisfied with the adaptation of one of his plays for television. It was also notable for featuring a then rare television appearance by Tom Courtenay as Colin (who had previously reprised his West End role of Leonard for the television adaptation of Time And Time Again). Although not a perfect adaptation of the play - and the playwright has considerable issues with Dinsdale Landen's interpretation of Paul - it remains one of the strongest television adaptations of his work; unfortunately it has never been released commercially. In 2019, it was screened cinematically as part of the Ayckbourn Film Festival at the Stephen Joseph Theatre celebrating the playwright's 80th birthday.

The reputation of Absent Friends was solidified once it was released for general production for both professionals and amateurs. It quickly became a favourite and has subsequently become one of the most frequently revived Ayckbourn plays since.

Alan himself has directed the play two further times since its world premiere, the first time in 1982 when the Stephen Joseph Theatre in the Round company toured Way Upstream to the Alley Theatre, Houston. This is a little known but significant production presented during a two-month a residency at the theatre in 1982. Whilst Way Upstream was a transfer of the world premiere production, Absent Friends was specifically directed and produced for Houston by Alan and this production was not staged anywhere else.

Alan's third and final production of the play was the 1997 revival at the Stephen Joseph Theatre. The role of Evelyn was given to the actress Tamzin Outhwaite in her first major acting role. Soon after she would get a high profile part in the long-running soap opera EastEnders and go on to even further success on screen and stage.

In the West End, a second chance for Absent Friends came almost fifty years after its first flawed production. In January 2012, a revival of the play opened at the Harold Pinter Theatre, London, directed by Jeremy Herrin and produced by Sonia Friedman. The play was a critical success and Alan Ayckbourn has frequently noted it sits alongside Matthew Warchus's 2008 revival of The Norman Conquests as setting the bar for Ayckbourn revivals.

In 2027, Absent Friends will have a major revival at the Pitlochry Festival Theatre in Scotland as part of Artistic Director Alan Cummings second season at the venue. It will be directed by Owen Horsley and run from 13 March - 3 April.

Absent Friends remains one of Alan's favourite plays - in no small part due to how it initially was treated in London; he has always favoured the plays he feels were treated less well than others - and it stands as one of his most significant plays of the 1970s. It is the first play which is inarguably of the tragicomedy genre that Alan is most associated with and it clearly demonstrated that Alan required no more than six people in a single room to create captivating and challenging drama.

A note on venues: Alan Ayckbourn's plays have premiered in three venues in Scarborough - often incorrectly transposed as a single venue. The venues are Theatre in the Round at the Library Theatre (1955 - 1976); the Stephen Joseph Theatre in the Round (1976 - 1995); the Stephen Joseph Theatre (1996 - present).

*The previous record for the most number of plays running simultaneously in the West End was set in 1908 when Somerset Maugham had four plays running concurrently.

© Simon Murgatroyd (Updated 2026)